CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1  Background to the Study Conflicts and insurgencies of different nature and causes prevail in many parts of the African continent. Some of these conflicts have sadly led to a massive loss of lives and property and to environmental destruction with dire consequences for agricultural production and food shortages. The impacts of militancy activities are so numerous and cut across all aspects of life especially in the Niger Delta region part of Nigeria (Beatrice, 2015). Many areas in the epicentre of the militancy activities namely Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Delta, Cross Rivers, Ondo and Rivers states which are found in the Niger Delta region have been rendered unsafe for human habitation, pushing hundreds of thousands of farmers out of their lands. Many Nigerians perceive the Niger Delta as synonymous with the oil producing areas of Nigeria. The region is blessed with abundance of human and physical resources, including the majority of Nigeria